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National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) & Community Rating System (CRS)

 



National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Overview


In 1968, Congress created the NFIP to provide a means for property owners to protect themselves financially from flood events. The NFIP offers flood insurance to homeowners, renters and business owners if their community participates in the NFIP. Participating communities agree to adopt and enforce floodplain management ordinances that meet or exceed FEMA requirements.


The Stafford Act constitutes the statutory authority for most Federal disaster response activities especially as they pertain to FEMA and FEMA programs.


Download the Stafford ActStafford Act (as amended August 2016).


The NFIP regulations, a part of the FEMA regulations, are set forth at 44 CFR 59 through 44 CFR 80. These regulations, updated yearly, include, but are not limited to issues related to flood insurance and mitigation.

Link to Flood Insurance Rules and Legislation.


KAMM’s Flood Insurance Fact Sheet

 

What is the National Flood Insurance Program?


The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) is a voluntary program based on a mutual agreement between the federal government and the local community. In exchange for adopting and enforcing a local floodplain management ordinance, federally backed flood insurance is made available to all property owners throughout the community.


FEMA’s website covers a broad range of Floodplain Management topics that include information on how to join the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), participating in the Community Rating System (CRS) and other topics related to the adoption and enforcement of floodplain management standards.


Communities incorporate NFIP requirements into their zoning codes, subdivision ordinances, and/or building codes or adopt special purpose floodplain management ordinances. The NFIP requirements apply to areas mapped as Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHA) on Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) issued by FEMA. The SFHA is an area having special flood, mudflow or flood-related erosion hazards and shown on a Flood Hazard Boundary Map (FHBM) or a Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) Zone A, AO, A1-A30, AE, A99, AH, AR, AR/A, AR/AE, AR/AH, AR/AO, AR/A1-A30, V1-V30, VE or V. The SFHA is the area where the NFIP's floodplain management regulations must be enforced and the area where the mandatory purchase of flood insurance applies. For determining Community Rating System (CRS) premium discounts, all AR and A99 zones are treated as non-SFHAs.


In addition to protecting new buildings, the NFIP substantial improvement and substantial damage requirement ensures that flood protection measures are integrated in structures built before FIRMs were developed. A building is considered substantially improved or substantially damaged when the cost of improving or repairing the building equals or exceeds 50 percent of the market value of the building. When this occurs, the community, which makes the determination, must ensure that the NFIP requirements are applied to these buildings so that they are protected from future flood damages.


KAMM’s Substantial Damage & Improvement information document

 

State Role in the NFIP

The KY Division of Water (DOW) is the state’s coordinating agency for the NFIP. In this role, DOW establishes development and building standards, provides technical assistance to communities & agencies, and evaluates and documents community floodplain management activities.

 

NFIP Program Manuals

Current Flood Insurance Manuals

Flood Insurance Information

NFIP Definitions


Flood Insurance


Legislation


FEMA’s Flood Insurance Rules and Legislation page: Congress established the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) with the passage of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968. Since the inception of NFIP, additional legislation has been enacted. The NFIP goes through periodic Congressional reauthorization to renew the NFIP’s statutory authority to operate. Congress made major changes to the program in 1973, 1994, 2004, 2012 and 2014, with the goals of strengthening the program, ensuring its fiscal soundness, and informing the public of its mapping and insurance rate-setting through expert consultation, reports and studies. 


Flood Insurance Manual

 

 

Additional Flood Insurance Information for Property Owners

 

Starting Your Recovery After a Flood


Wind Damage vs Water Damage: What You Need to Know When Filing A Claim


What Does Flood Insurance Cover in a Basement?

 

 

NFIP: Questions & Answers About Flood Insurance for Real Estate


Designed for real estate professionals, this brochure provides answers to the following questions: Why should I alert my clients about the importance of purchasing flood insurance? Who can purchase flood insurance? How do clients obtain a flood insurance policy? How much will it cost? When is the best time to buy? SFHA is a special flood hazard area?


Help Clients Protect Their Investment Real Estate Professionals



Mandatory Purchase of Flood Insurance


Map Information and the Flood Insurance Requirement


Most Common Question: Why does my mortgage lender require flood insurance?

Under federal law, the purchase of flood insurance is mandatory for all federal or federally related financial assistance for the acquisition and/or construction of buildings in high-risk flood areas (Special Flood Hazard Areas or SFHAs).


The amount of flood insurance coverage required by the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973, as amended by the National Flood Insurance Reform Act of 1994, is the lesser of the following:


1.     The maximum amount of NFIP coverage available for the particular property type, or

2.     The outstanding principal balance of the loan, or

3.     The insurable value of the structure.


If the property is not in a high-risk area, but instead in a moderate-to-low risk area, federal law does not require flood insurance; however, a lender can still require it.  It is recommended since historically about one-in-four flood claims come from these moderate-to-low risk areas. Note that if during the life of the loan the maps are revised and the property is now in the high-risk area, your lender will notify you that you must purchase flood insurance.


The FIRM and Mandatory Purchase of Flood Insurance

For compliance with the mandatory purchase requirements of the National Flood Insurance Program, the current Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) (or Letter of Map Change) is the only legal document allowed to be used by lenders or third-party vendors.

 

How to Explain the Mandatory Purchase of Flood Insurance to your Community and Citizens

Often, the community receives inquiries about a property location for a map determination on the FIRM. Questions also may come from a real estate agent, a bank or a citizen who contacts the community to ask why they are required to buy flood insurance.


If a property is in an SFHA, the community should inform the inquirer of the mandatory flood insurance purchase requirement. The best way to advise an inquirer that flood insurance is required is to provide a written summary of the requirement. 


A sample community handout, About the Mandatory Purchase of Flood Insurance, is posted in the text box below. Copy the sample language, paste on your community’s letterhead, and provide it to anyone who asks about flood insurance or flood mapping.  (For CRS purposes, this fulfils one outreach component for Activity 320 – Map Information Service).


About the Mandatory Purchase of Flood Insurance

The NFIP: The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) is a federal program enabling property owners in participating communities to purchase flood insurance on eligible buildings and contents, whether they are in or out of a floodplain. This community participates in the NFIP, making federally backed flood insurance available to its property owners.

The NFIP insures most walled and roofed buildings that are principally above ground on a permanent foundation, including mobile homes, and buildings during construction. Property owners can purchase building and contents coverage from any local property and casualty insurance agent. 


Mandatory Purchase Requirement: Pursuant to the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973 and the National Flood Insurance Reform Act of 1994, the purchase of flood insurance is mandatory for all federal or federally related financial assistance for the acquisition and/or construction of buildings in Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs). An SFHA is defined as any A or V flood zone on a Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM).

The mandatory purchase requirement also applies to secured loans from such financial institutions as commercial lenders, savings and loan associa­tions, savings banks, and credit unions that are regulated, supervised, or insured by federal agencies, such as the Federal Reserve, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Comptroller of Currency, the Farm Credit Administration, the Office of Thrift Supervision, and the National Credit Union Administration. It further applies to all loans purchased by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac in the secondary mortgage market.

Federal financial assistance programs affected by the laws include loans and grants from agencies such as the Department of Veterans Affairs, Farmers Home Administration, Federal Housing Administration, Small Business Administration, and FEMA disaster assistance.



How it Works: When making, increasing, renewing, or extending any type of federally backed loan, lenders are required to conduct a flood zone determination using the most current FEMA FIRM to determine if any part of the building is in an SFHA. If the building is in an SFHA, the federal agency or lender is required by law to provide written notification to the borrower that flood insurance is mandatory as a condition of the loan. Even though a portion of real property on which a building is located may lie within an SFHA, the purchase and notification requirements do not apply unless the building itself, or some part of the building, is in the SFHA. However, lenders, on their own initiative, may require the purchase of flood insurance even if a building is located outside an SFHA. Up to 25% of all NFIP flood losses arise from outside SFHAs (B, C, and X Zones).

Under federal regulations, the required coverage must equal the amount of the loan (excluding appraised value of the land) or the maximum amount of insurance available from the NFIP, which­ever is less. The maximum amount of coverage available for a single-family residence is $250,000 and for non-residential (commercial) buildings is $500,000. Federal agencies and regulators, including government-sponsored enterprises, such as Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, may have stricter requirements.


 

Managing Floodplain Development Through the NFIP

NFIP Requirements

Responsibility for flood loss reduction is shared by all units of government— local, state, and federal—and the private sector. Fulfilling this responsibility depends on having the knowledge and skills to plan and implement needed floodplain management measures. The fundamental floodplain management program that most others are built on is the NFIP.

Certain activities (e.g., floodproofing design, survey of building elevations, hydrologic and hydraulic analyses, survey and topographic data) require certification by a licensed professional architect, engineer, surveyor, or community floodplain administrator.

 

What is Repetitive Loss?

NFIP Repetitive Loss: An NFIP-insured structure that has had at least 2 paid flood losses of more than $1,000 each in any 10-year period since 1978. 

NFIP Severe Repetitive Loss: Any building that is covered under a Standard Flood Insurance Policy and has incurred flood damage for which:

a. Four or more separate claim payments have been made under a Standard Flood Insurance Policy, with the amount of each such claim exceeding $5,000, and with the cumulative amount of such claims payments exceeding $20,000; or

b. At least 2 separate claims payments have been made under a Standard Flood Insurance Policy, with the cumulative amount of such claim payments exceed the fair market value of the insured building on the day before each loss.

Severe Repetitive Loss Property. Either a severe repetitive loss building or the contents within a severe repetitive loss building, or both.

 

Mitigating Repetitive Loss

Repetitive loss and severe repetitive properties are a mitigation priority for the Commonwealth of Kentucky and FEMA. 

FEMA provides funds to state and local governments to make offers of assistance to NFIP- insured residential property owners for mitigation projects that reduce future flood losses through:

• Acquisition or relocation of at-risk structures and conversion of the property into open space

• Elevation of existing structures

• Dry floodproofing of historic properties

Of the mitigated repetitive loss and severe repetitive properties within the Commonwealth, acquisition and demolition is the most popular method of mitigation. 

A breakdown of the mitigation methods previously employed by communities in Kentucky includes the following (in order of mitigation type most used):  

  • building acquired and demolished
  • building flood protection provided
  • building protected by a flood control/stormwater management project
  • building elevated to or above the Base Flood Elevation (BFE)
  • buildings replaced by a new elevated/floodproofed building
  • building moved out of the floodplain
  • building elevated but not to the BFE 
  • non-residential building floodproofed to the BFE

Link to the 2018 Kentucky Repetitive Loss Assessment for an overview of the Kentucky repetitive loss strategy and locations maps of Kentucky’s repetitive loss.

 

Rep Loss Mitigation Example

Falmouth, KY – Rising Above the Floods – Falmouth Flood of 1997 and Beyond…Then and Now

Presented by Brian Thompson and Mike Moore

  • 5 people killed
  • 1000 people lost their homes
  • $50 Million in damage
  • The city received a $3 million grant through FEMA’s Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) to
  • acquire 83 lots.


Falmouth, KY – Rising Above the Floods

 

KAMM Presentation Disclaimer

Presentations are intended for educational purposes only and do not replace independent professional judgment. Statements of fact and opinions expressed are those of the individual participants and, unless expressly stated to the contrary, are not the opinion or position of the Kentucky Association of Mitigation Managers (KAMM), its sponsors, Board of Directors, or committees. KAMM does not endorse or approve, and assumes no responsibility for, the content, accuracy, or completeness of the information presented by speakers at trainings, conferences, or other KAMM-sponsored events and/or posted on KAMM’s website, YouTube channel, or social media accounts.

 

 

Build Resilience: Add a Repetitive Loss Provision to Local Floodplain Management Regulations

 

Making Corrections to the Repetitive Loss List

 

Elevation Certificates

A community permit file must have an official record that shows new buildings and substantial improvements in all identified Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs) are properly elevated. This elevation information is needed to show compliance with the floodplain management ordinance. FEMA encourages communities to use the Elevation Certificate[EW4]  developed by FEMA to fulfill this requirement since it also can be used by the property owner to obtain flood insurance. Communities participating in the Community Rating System (CRS) are required to use the FEMA Online Elevation Certificate, FEMA Form FF-206-FY-22-152 (formerly 086-0-33).

 

KAMM’s Elevation Certificates information document

 

Residential Buildings with Basements

Since 1971, the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) has required that:

  • Residential buildings have their lowest floor (including basement) elevated to or above the Base Flood Elevation (BFE)
  • Non-residential buildings must be elevated or dry floodproofed (in A Zones only) to the Base Flood Elevation (BFE)

For residential buildings, basements may be permitted below the BFE only if a community obtains an exception under 44 CFR 60.6(b) or (c). A community must obtain an exception from FEMA prior to permitting the construction of residences with floodproofed basements below the Base Flood Elevation.

 

 

Floodproofing Certificate

The floodproofing certificate is documentation of certification by a registered professional engineer or architect that the design and methods of construction of a non-residential building are in accordance with accepted practices for meeting the floodproofing requirements in the community’s floodplain management ordinance. This documentation is required for both floodplain management requirements and insurance rating purposes.

For insurance rating purposes, a building’s floodproofed design elevation must be at least one foot above the Base Flood Elevation (BFE) to receive full rating credit for the floodproofing. If the building is floodproofed only to the BFE, the flood insurance rates will be considerably higher.

Communities are encouraged to use the one-page FEMA floodproofing certification form because it fulfills NFIP insurance rating needs as well as floodplain management requirements.

NFIP Requirements

  • 60.0 – Criteria for Land Management and Use
  • 60.3 (b)(5) – Requirement to Obtain Lowest Floor Elevation in Zone A
  • 60.3 (c)(3) – Requirements for Nonresidential Buildings
  • 60.3 (c)(4) – Floodproofing Certification

Other Applicable NFIP Regulations

  • 60.3 (c) (8)





Non-Residential Floodproofing

A Floodproofing Certificate for Non-Residential Structures is required for the following types of buildings (in A zones only):

  • Floodproofed non-residential buildings (no residential uses)
  • Floodproofed mixed-use buildings that are professionally designed with all residential uses located above the floodproofing design elevation

 

Floodproofing Non-Residential Buildings

FEMA Form 086-0-34 – Floodproofing Certificate for Non-residential Structures


Wet Floodproofing


Wet Floodproofing includes permanent or contingent measures applied to a structure or its contents that prevent or provide resistance to damage from flooding while allowing floodwater to enter the structure or area. Generally, this includes properly anchoring the structure, using flood resistant materials below the Base Flood Elevation (BFE), protection of mechanical and utility equipment, and use of openings or breakaway walls.

Application of wet floodproofing as a flood protection technique under the NFIP is limited to enclosures below elevated residential and non-residential structures and to accessory and agricultural structures that have been issued variances by the community.

NFIP Requirements

  • IS-9 Managing Floodplain Development Through the NFIP (page 3-33)
  • Wet Floodproofing Requirements (FIA-TB-7)

 

Wetproofing Requirements and Limitations

 

 

No-rise Certification for Floodways

Any project in a floodway must be reviewed to determine if the project will increase flood heights. An engineering analysis must be conducted before a permit can be issued. The community’s permit file must have a record of the results of this analysis, which can be in the form of a No-rise Certification. This No-rise Certification must be supported by technical data and signed by a registered professional engineer. The supporting technical data should be based on the standard step-backwater computer model used to develop the 100-year floodway shown on the Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) or Flood Boundary and Floodway Map (FBFM).

NFIP Requirement

  • 60.3 (d)(3) - Floodway Requirement

 

Flood-Resistant Material

Flood-resistant material includes any building product capable of withstanding direct and prolonged contact with floodwaters without sustaining significant damage. Prolonged contact is defined as at least 72 hours. Significant damage is any damage requiring more than low-cost cosmetic repair (such as painting). All structural and non-structural building materials at or below the Base Flood Elevation (BFE) must be flood resistant.

 

NFIP Requirement

  • 60.3 (a)(3) – Reasonably Safe from Flooding

Flood-Resistant Material

 

Related Key Words

  • Certifications – Certain activities (e.g., floodproofing design, survey of building elevations, hydrologic and hydraulic analyses, survey and topographic data) require certification by a licensed professional architect, engineer, surveyor, or the community floodplain administrator.
  • Community Rating System (CRS)

 

 

Answers to Questions about the NFIP


An in-depth guide addressing frequently asked questions about the NFIP. This resource includes valuable information about flood insurance policies, what to do before and after a flood, flood maps, flood mitigation actions and more.

Answers to Questions about the NFIP

 

NFIP Technical Bulletins

The NFIP Technical Bulletins provide guidance for complying with the NFIP’s building performance requirements and are designed to help state and local officials interpret the NFIP Regulations. They are also useful resources and references for homeowners, insurance agents, building professionals and designers.

Access the current Technical Bulletins and stay updated.

 

 

Flood Best Practices and Case Studies Compendium

Best practices and case studies are effective tools to highlight State and local initiatives to reduce flood risks at the local and regional level. The ASFPM Floodplain Management Best Practices and Case Studies Compendium catalogs best practices and case studies in a searchable format for online viewing. 

ASFPM’s Flood Science Center collected twenty-five best practices and case studies that comprise the compendium. This project created a typology that established the means to organize and index case studies associated with best practices. Sources included the ASFPM’s No Adverse Impact (NAI) How-to-Guide, The Nature Conservancy’s Naturally Resilient Communities Project, and the FEMA Cooperating Technical Partners (CTP) mentoring project.

  • NAI How-to-Guides:  To further ASFPM’s No Adverse Impact™ initiative, ASFPM developed a series of No Adverse Impact How-to-Guides. These How-to-Guides were developed for each of the Building Blocks in the publication entitled “No Adverse Impact: A Toolkit for Common Sense Floodplain Management.”
  • Naturally Resilient Communities:  The Nature Conservancy (TNC) contracted with ASFPM to assist in developing a guide and case studies for the mainstreaming of natural infrastructure, such as comprehensive planning, education of developers, relocation of property, the raising of infrastructure, and floodplain regulations, to address coastal and riverine flooding.
  • CTP Support: FEMA contracted with ASFPM to help support the Cooperating Technical Partners (CTP). The CTP Program is a partnership between FEMA and participating NFIP communities, regional agencies, state agencies, tribes, and universities that have the intent and capability to become a more active participant in FEMA’s mapping program. The project involved documenting best practices and providing training, such as automatic engineering tasks.

 

The Best Practices and Case Studies Compendium can be found at the ASFPM Flood Science Center.

 

 

NFIP/CRS Newsletters

The CRS Update Newsletter is a publication to provide local officials and others interested in the CRS with news they can use.

Sign up for NFIP/CRS newsletters.

 


  


CRS Program

Community Rating System (CRS) Overview

 

What is CRS?

National Flood Insurance Program Community Rating System

The National Flood Insurance Program’s (NFIP) Community Rating System (CRS) is a voluntary incentive program that recognizes and encourages community floodplain management activities that exceed the minimum NFIP requirements. 

Over 1,500 communities participate nationwide.  In CRS communities, flood insurance premium rates are discounted to reflect the reduced flood risk resulting from the community’s efforts that address the three goals of the program:

  • Reduce and avoid flood damage to insurable property
  • Strengthen and support the insurance aspects of the National Flood Insurance Program
  • Foster comprehensive floodplain management

 

As a result, flood insurance premium rates are discounted to reflect the reduced flood risk resulting from the community actions meeting the three goals of the CRS:

1.     Reduce flood damage to insurable property.

2.     Strengthen and support the insurance aspects of the NFIP.

3.     Encourage a comprehensive approach to floodplain management.

The objective of the CRS is to recognize and reward communities that are doing more than meeting the minimum NFIP requirements to help their citizens prevent or reduce flood losses. The CRS also provides an incentive for communities to initiate new flood protection activities.

 The CRS determines discounts based on credit points provided for floodplain management activities. To achieve certain CRS class ratings, communities must meet certain program prerequisites in addition to the credit points.



                    * See CRS Coordinator's Manual for additional information.



 

 

CRS Local Official Brochure

Community Rating System: The Local Official’s Guide to Saving Lives, Preventing Property Damage and Reducing the Cost of Flood Insurance introduces the Community Rating System as a way of promoting the awareness of flood insurance.

NFIP Community Rating System (CRS): A Local Official’s Guide to Saving Lives, Preventing Property Damage, and Reducing the Cost of Flood Insurance (2015)

 

 

CRS Introduction Presentation

Watch the Community Rating System (CRS) Overview, Prerecorded Presentation, a 9-minute narrated PowerPoint presentation about the CRS. It is an introduction to the CRS suitable for viewers with little or no familiarity with the CRS.

Link to the CRS Resources page.

CRS Fact Sheet

 

CRS and the Post-Disaster Setting

Any community CRS Coordinator that has experienced a major flood knows first-hand about the all-consuming reorientation of community priorities as the community responds to the immediate needs of its residents, helps in recovery, and undertakes mitigation opportunities. The CRS program recognizes the demands upon the CRS Coordinator during these times and has prepared this fact sheet to highlight common CRS themes that arise during the recovery after a major flood.

To help local CRS Coordinators better grapple with the post-disaster environment in which they and their communities find themselves, the CRS produced a fact sheet: Considerations for CRS Coordinators after a Major Flood . The three-page summary reminds CRS Coordinators that community priorities typically shift after a major flood or other disaster, sometimes only for the short term but often for longer periods. Some communities implement their strict building standards with more vigor in the wake of a flood; others decide that different issues must take priority. Personnel and other resources may need to be re-allocated.

 

How to Apply: Application Letter of Interest & CRS Quick Check

To begin the application process for a CRS classification, communities must submit a letter of interest to their FEMA Regional Office and document that they are implementing floodplain management activities that warrant at least 500 CRS credit points.

The application is submitted to the Insurance Services Office, Inc. (ISO)/CRS Specialist. ISO works on behalf of FEMA and insurance companies to review CRS applications, verify communities’ credit points, and perform program improvement tasks.

The CRS Application Letter of Interest and CRS Quick Check document provide communities with a sample letter of interest. In addition, a community can use the Quick Check tool for documenting their current activities and calculating their possible CRS credit points. Instructions are provided within the document.

Small Communities in the CRS — A six-page fact sheet to help small communities gauge step-by-step their ability to participate in the CRS along with explanation of program benefits.

 


CRS Coordinator’s Manual

The Coordinator’s Manual is the guidebook for the CRS. The Coordinator’s Manual explains how the program operates, how credits are calculated, what documentation is required, and how class ratings are determined. It also acts as guidance for communities in enhancing their flood loss reduction and resource protection activities.


The current Coordinator’s Manual is the 2017 Edition along with the 2021 Addendum to the CRS Coordinator’s Manual, 2017 Edition.


Presentations by ISO/Verisk at the 2022 KAMM Conference

Introduction and Overview of the CRS Amanda Gowans, ISO/Verisk

The 2021 Addendum to the CRS Coordinator’s ManualAmanda Gowans, ISO/Verisk



CRS Updates – 2021 and 2022

Presentations by ISO/Verisk at the 2022 KAMM Conference

Introduction and Overview of the Community Rating System Program – Amanda Gowans, ISO/Verisk

The 2021 Addendum to the CRS Coordinator’s Manual – Amanda Gowans, ISO/Verisk

 

CRS Videos

CRS Resources Training & Video

CRS Activity 310 Changes for 2021

 

Community Rating System Webinars

The CRS Webinar Series provides both live and on-demand training to communities. The Series includes basic introductory sessions and more advanced topics, mostly averaging about an hour in length.

 

Link toWebinars on the Community Rating System to register.

 

Kentucky’s CRS Program

To learn more about the CRS, join the CRS or improve your existing CRS classification click here for the CRS Resources pages.

 

Which Kentucky Communities are in CRS?

The CRS is a voluntary program for NFIP-participating communities. As of October 2022, there are 37 Kentucky communities in the CRS. 

Link to the table for a full view and/or to the 2021 KY map of CRS communities.

 

Kentucky State Based Credit

The CRS provides credits to communities for certain state laws, regulations, and standards that support floodplain management within a state and have proven effective in reducing flood damage. This Verification Report is provided to explain the recommendations of Insurance Services Office, Inc. (ISO) to DHS/FEMA concerning state-based credits under the Community Rating System (CRS) within the above state. 

State-based credit is awarded to communities for activities that are implemented and enforced by the State. The credit is provided to each community in the State and documentation is not needed from the community. Other potential credit lists the CRS activities where communities may receive CRS credit based on, or due to, state or regional programs that are within the community. The potential credits must be community verified by the ISO/CRS Specialists within each community, since enforcement is done at the community (or regional) level.

Kentucky State Based Credit

 

Annual Recertification Dates for CRS Communities

Kentucky’s CRS Annual Recertification schedule is May 1. Recertification packages will go to communities approximately 45 days before the due date.

 

Centralized EC Review Process

The CRS Resource Specialists will be processing the ECs collected at cycle verification visits starting January 1, 2018. ISO has also developed a work and communication flow for the cycle visit EC review process as they work with communities to meet the required verification threshold of 90% correct. 

 

Note that at annual recertification, the centralized review of ECs is a courtesy review to identify problems with the ECs. Results of the review will be sent to the community, with a copy to the ISO/CRS Specialists. This process allows the community time to have the ECs corrected by the next verification cycle visit. The 90% threshold must be met only at the cycle verification visit.

  

CRS Elevation Certificate Videos

The CRS Program released 8 videos that cover training on the FEMA Elevation Certificate (EC). The videos describe each Section of the EC and explain which fields on the form are required for CRS purposes and why. Each video explains the most common errors we see on the forms and how to avoid them. We also have 2 videos covering general issues associated with ECs such as form date rules, page rules, how to handle annexations, how to handle Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) changes after a building is permitted, and how to document different kinds of buildings. And lastly, we have a video on how to correct and EC once you find one with errors.

 

The videos should be watched beginning with Section A of the form and ending with “How to Correct an Elevation Certificate.” They are intended to serve community officials, but please feel free to share these videos with the surveyors, engineers, and architects in your community who fill out these forms. They will benefit greatly from them as well.  

 

1. CRS Elevation Certificate Training Series: Section A

2. CRS Elevation Certificate Training Series: Section B

3. CRS Elevation Certificate Training Series: Sections C & D

4. CRS Elevation Certificate Training Series: Sections E & F

5. CRS Elevation Certificate Training Series: Section G

6. CRS Elevation Certificate Training Series: General Issues, Part 1

7. CRS Elevation Certificate Training Series: General Issues, Part 2

8. CRS Elevation Certificate Training Series: How to Correct an Elevation Certificate

 

Risk Rating 2.0 and CRS

Risk Rating 2.0 (RR 2.0) rating methodology incorporates a wide range of rating variables; however, two major ones that are no longer used are Base Flood Elevations and flood zones. In the old methodology (RR 1.0), properties in moderate-low risk zones (e.g., B, C, X) with minimal losses could qualify for a lower-cost Preferred Risk Policy (PRP); however, they did not receive a CRS discount. If they did not qualify for the PRP, they could be written as a standard-rated Zone X policy and receive 5% or 10% discount depending upon the CRS Class. Buildings in Zone A would get the full discount.

In RR 2.0, because the flood zone is no longer a rating variable, the discount that had applied to just Zone A policies now applies to all policies. So, a policy in Zone X receives the same discount. 

Explaining the CRS Discount in Risk Rating 2.0

 

 

FEMA Elevation Certificate 

Any Elevation Certificate submitted for review dated November 1, 2023 or after must be on the new Elevation Certificate (FF-206-FY22-152).

The new Dry Floodproofing Certificate for Non-Residential Structures must be used as of November 1, 2023 as well. Copies of these forms can be accessed via FEMA’s Underwriting Forms webpage. To access the forms, please copy the link to a folder on your computer and open it from there. You must have Adobe software to open it.

 

If you have any questions about the use of these forms, please contact your CRS Resource Specialist or your ISO/CRS Specialist.

 

EC Correction Form

CRS EC Checklist

CRS Required Fields

Dry Floodproofing Certificate for Non-Residential Structures

 

Class 9 Prerequisite

The CRS program has always required communities to collect and maintain Elevation Certificates for communities to be a CRS Class 9. Details of what must be correct on them and information about other required construction certificates has traditionally been included under Activity 310. The CRS program required a 90% accuracy for all Elevation Certificates collected by a community.

 

In 2021, the CRS will be issuing an addendum to the 2017 Manual that clarifies the Activity 310 requirements. This addendum will become effective January 1, 2021 - all elevation certificates collected beyond then will be held to this new standard

 

Construction Certificate Management Procedures

One of the changes in the 2021 Addendum to the Coordinator’s Manual is a new element CCMP, construction certificate management procedures, under Activity 310 (Elevation Certificates). This element replaces the current EC element and will be worth the same number of credit points. In addition, credit for this element became a Class 9 prerequisite beginning in January 2021 when the 2021 Addendum became effective. 

 

Written procedures are important to the community and to the CRS because they address what certificates the community requires for development in the floodplain and how that community collects, reviews, corrects, maintains, and makes available the floodplain-related construction certificates required by the CRS. These floodplain-related construction certificates include the Elevation Certificate, Floodproofing Certificate for Non-Residential Buildings, and Residential Basement Floodproofing Certificate. 

 

Previously, CRS communities were required to submit a written description of how the community maintains, stores, and provides copies of certificates to inquirers. For credit for element CCMP, a community will need to expand its current construction certificate maintenance procedures to cover the collection, review, and correction process, and require staff to follow these official internal procedures. Also, the procedures will be required to be approved by the head of the department who oversees the staff and duties involved in the procedures. This could mean multiple department heads will be approving these procedures if multiple departments are involved in the procedures. The department head(s) must see the procedures and place their signature on the document for it to be considered “approved.” Accurate and readily available data on a building’s flood zone, elevation, and other construction information are essential to insurance agents for processing an application for a flood insurance.

 

The CRS wants to be sure everyone knows what the procedures are and follows them so all construction certificates get collected, reviewed, corrected, and maintained appropriately for CRS standards. Formal written procedures, when followed, will assist communities to reach the desired outcome of 90% accuracy needed to maintain participation in the CRS. These procedures are also a Class 9 prerequisite under the 2021 Addendum. A community’s construction certificate management procedures for element CCMP are evaluated only at cycle time. 

 

A community must receive credit for this element to meet the amended Class 9 criteria in the 2021 Addendum. This is an “all-or-nothing” element, meaning there will be no proration of credit. The Addendum specifically lists the required items to cover in the procedures. To receive the full 38 points for this element, a community must make sure that it adequately covers all of the required topics. A  CCMP template has been created to guide communities in generating their written management procedures. CCMPs are required for all cycles started after January 1, 2021.

 

 

Community Incentives for Nature-Based Flood Solutions

A Guide to FEMA’s Community Rating System for Conservation Practitioners

Nature-based solutions (NBS)—such as open space protection and wetland restoration— can effectively reduce flood risk and are creditable components of the CRS. The conservation community can and should partner with municipalities to plan and design “nature-based solutions” that restore and protect natural areas, reduce flood risk and earn citizens a discount on their flood insurance rate.

 

 

Empowering Agents to Protect Communities from Flooding

A one-stop-shop for insurance agents and stakeholders that provides flood insurance education, training and resources needed to sell policies.

 

 

Aligning Mitigation Planning and the Community Rating System

 

FEMA’s local mitigation planning and the CRS program’s Activity 510 Floodplain Management Planning are aimed at guiding communities through a planning process that can help them move from being aware of their natural hazard risk to acting to reduce it. As of June 30, 2025, 21,815 local governments and 194 tribal governments have approved hazard mitigation plans. All 50 states, the District of Columbia, and five territories also have approved mitigation plans. At the same time, 22,000+ communities participate in the NFIP, and nearly 1,500 of those participate in the CRS.

 

Obviously, these programs are not mutually exclusive. They were created for different purposes but have the same goal: to help communities reduce threats and losses caused by floods and other natural hazards.  After all, 99 percent of communities enrolled in the CRS also engage in local hazard mitigation planning plans. So, if communities are engaging in both kinds of planning, why must they write two different, separate plans?

 

The National Mitigation Planning Program at FEMA tackled this question in its new publication, Mitigation Planning and the Community Rating System Key Topics Bulletin. This document assumes the perspective of the mitigation planner and is organized around the local mitigation planning requirements. It aligns mitigation planning requirements with Activity 510 Floodplain Management Planning steps, with helpful hints and advice about common challenges associated with coordinating the processes.  The Bulletin is intended to help community officials integrate the two planning processes to produce more effective flood mitigation actions and meet the criteria of both programs more efficiently.  The full authorities for each process have not changed. They are available in the CRS Coordinator’s Manual (2017).

 

Communities could save planning participants time, maximize available resources, and add value by building connections to streamline their planning processes. If you’ve thought about developing a combined local mitigation and CRS Activity 510 plan, check it out.

 

Developing a Substantial Damage Management Plan for Credit Under the Community Rating System

 

Substantial Damage Management Plan Template

 

Checklist for a Substantial Damage Management Plan

 

 

 

Substantial Damage Management Plan Presentation

2021 KAMM Annual Conference

Part 1 Substantial Damage Management Plan Alex VanPelt, KDOW

Part 2 -Substantial Damage Management Plan Christina Groves

 

CRS Credit for Stormwater Management Guide

Stormwater Overview

One of the biggest problems of floodplain management in urbanizing areas is the increase in peak flow and total volume of runoff caused by development within a watershed. As forests, fields, and farms are covered by impermeable surfaces like streets, rooftops, and parking lots, more rain runs off at a faster rate. When an area is urbanized, the rate of runoff can increase five-fold or more if proper mitigation is not provided.

This problem is compounded by changes in the surface drainage system. Stormwater runoff travels faster on streets and in storm drains than it does across forests or fields, or in natural channels. As a result, flooding is more frequent and more severe after development -- channels begin to erode, water quality is diminished, and riparian habitat is lost.

Efforts to reduce the impact of increased runoff resulting from new development or increases in impervious surface in redeveloping a site are known as “stormwater management.” Stormwater management also encompasses many aspects of water quality and includes efforts to reduce erosion and the entry of sediment and pollutants into receiving streams.

Among the objectives of the CRS are flood damage reduction and the protection of natural processes such as water quality and habitat for endangered species. These objectives are addressed by the elements in this CRS activity. 

 

CRS Credit for Stormwater Management Guide

CRS Credit for Stormwater Management is a full 27-page guide, including examples, to help communities tailor their stormwater management and watershed management programs in ways that reduce flood losses, protect natural processes, and earn CRS credit. 

This 2020 edition provides background on the creditable management techniques, discusses the legal aspects of such management, and describes various ways to document the creditable activities. 

 

CRS Credits to Protect Habitat Overview

Connecting CRS and Habitat Conservation

CRS was created to encourage flood loss prevention and reduction activities in communities. Those goals are also advanced by promoting natural floodplain functions. As a result, the CRS recently expanded its credits to include such floodplain protection activities. The CRS’s system of credit points now recognizes the tremendous value of the natural areas that border the nation’s rivers, lakes, and oceans. FEMA recognizes that protecting natural functions also helps prevent and reduce flood losses.

  

Specific CRS Credits That May Be Used to Protect Habitat

The CRS Credit for Habitat Protection guidance is designed for local officials and others who work with the NFIP and apply its floodplain construction standards but may not be familiar with the CRS and its benefits or with the ESA and its requirements. The guidebook reviews the many good floodplain management practices that can protect habitat and help reduce and prevent flood damage.


 

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